燕麦与毛苕子混播试验初报

通过对比试验的方法，进行了燕麦与毛苕子混播试验，结果表明：B处理鲜草产量明显高于其它处理，其抗倒伏性能随毛苕子播量的增加而降低。B处理的燕麦与毛苕子植株增高幅度也最大。     

上皮间质转化促乳腺癌机制及药物干预治疗研究进展

乳腺癌是犬、猫等伴侣动物与人类常发疾病,作为人类及动物常患恶性肿瘤和主要致死肿瘤之一,其疾病负担仍呈逐步加重趋势,乳腺癌的预防及治疗形势愈加严峻。上皮间质转化(EMT)是乳腺癌发生发展中重要的生物学过程。EMT还可促进恶性肿瘤的侵袭、扩散及耐药,因此它在肿瘤的研究中日益受到关注,靶向于EMT是治疗乳腺癌的重要研究方向与热点。文章就EMT发生过程中细胞形态功能及标志物的变化、EMT分类及EMT与乳腺癌的关系分别展开论述,详细解析了EMT相关TGF-β/Smad、NF-κB及Wnt信号通路转导途径;随后对乳腺癌治疗药物研究进展,包括TGF-β/Smad通路抑制剂开发,相关药物、基因及细胞因子治疗前景、NF-κB通路与Wnt通路抑制剂的动物试验研究结果进行了详细论述;最后对乳腺癌的治疗发展与趋势进行了展望。深入认识信号通路调控乳腺癌EMT的生物学过程,明确其发生发展机制,寻找关键靶点及开发靶向药物,将为乳腺癌的精准治疗带来曙光。     

缓解奶牛热应激的喷淋水滴粒径研究

为探讨夏季缓解奶牛热应激喷淋水滴粒径对降温效果的影响,通过现场实验测试了3种平均喷淋水滴粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127 mm)缓解奶牛热应激效果。实验中利用热像仪采集奶牛体表温度,同时测定呼吸频率、直肠温度生理指标,并在此基础上利用Merkel焓差理论分析计算奶牛喷淋降温换热量。结果表明,喷淋过程中,3种粒径(0.829、0.947、1.127 mm)在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.7、1.1、0.9℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.7、1.4、1.5℃,平均呼吸频率分别降低0.6、4.2、2.1次/min;喷淋结束后,3种粒径在奶牛脖颈区域平均降温为0.2、0.4、0.6℃,腹部区域平均降温为0.1、0.5、0.6℃,平均呼吸频率降低-0.4、1.4、1.2次/min。喷淋前后奶牛直肠温度均控制在稳定范围内,且平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947 mm和1.127 mm低于0.829 mm时的奶牛平均直肠温度。3种平均喷淋水滴粒径对应的奶牛单位时间换热量分别为417.4、469.9、430.4 W,其中0.947 mm平均喷淋水滴粒径下换热量最大。因此,平均喷淋水滴粒径0.947 mm更适用于夏季奶牛喷淋降温。     

Small area estimations of proportion of forest and timber volume combining Lidar data and stereo aerial images with terrestrial data

Abstract

Methods for small area estimations were compared for estimating the proportion of forest and growing stock volume of temperate mixed forests within a district of a member state (canton) in Switzerland. The estimators combine terrestrial data with remotely sensed auxiliary data. By using different model types, different sources of auxiliary data and different methods of processing the auxiliary data, the increase in estimation precision was tested. Using the canopy height derived from remote sensing data, the growing stock volume and the proportion of forest were estimated. The regression models used for the small area estimation provided a coefficient of determination of up to 68% for the timber volume. The proportion of plots correctly classified into forest and non-forest plots ranged between 0.9 and 0.98. Models calibrated over forest area only resulted in a maximal coefficient of determination of 37%. Even though these coefficients indicate a moderate model quality, the use of remote sensing data clearly improved the estimation precision of both the proportion of forest and the growing stock volume. Generally, Lidar data led to slightly higher estimates compared to data from aerial photography. It was possible to reduce the variance of the estimated proportion of forest to nearly one tenth compared with the variance based on the terrestrial measurements alone. Similarly, the variance of the growing stock volume could be reduced to one fourth as compared with the variance based solely on the terrestrial measurements.     

苏丹混合原油加剂常温输送工艺研究

对苏丹输油管道的加剂常温输送工艺进行了研究,介绍了苏丹混合原油降凝剂的研制开发、分析了加剂苏丹混合原油流变性和模拟技术以及结蜡规律,在借鉴已有的应用加剂综合处理输送技术的基础上,成功地将该项技术应用于苏丹外输管道,该项技术的应用,减少了一次性管道建设的投资,节省了大量的燃油费,取得了良好的经济效益.     

一种用于香蕉叶斑病防治的新型施药技术

试验一种将内吸性农药稀释后灌注于香蕉叶柄基部防治香蕉叶斑病的新型精确定量施药技术。结果表明，这种施药技术与常规施药技术相比，防效相当，且对香蕉的生长无不良影响，而农药成本仅为常规防治的18%，农药利用率提高4倍，值得推广应用。     

估测木薯茎叶生物量的一数学模型

为构建木薯茎叶生物量的估测模型,调查了木薯上、中、下部的茎粗、株高、叶柄长等形态学指标与茎叶生物量的关系.结果表明,木薯茎叶生物量主要受下部茎粗和株高的综合影响,并且下部茎粗、株高与茎叶生物量的关系均为乘幂函数关系.通过模型拟合和择优得到木薯茎叶生物量的估测模型W=0.032 83d2.48 6h0.1824.经新的实测数据检验,理论值与实测值的相对误差率为4.46%,完全满足测量精度要求.     

Response of Cotton to Irrigation Methods and Nitrogen Fertilization: Yield Components,Water‐Use Efficiency,Nitrogen Uptake,and Recovery

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Cotton yield parameters, fiber quality, water‐ and N‐use efficiency responses to N, and irrigation methods in northern Syria were evaluated. Field trials were conducted for two growing seasons on a Chromoxerertic Rhodoxeralf. Treatments consisted of drip fertigation, furrow irrigation, and five different rates of N fertilizer (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha). Cotton was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth was 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Seed cotton yield was higher than the national average (3,928 kg/ha) by at least 12% as compared to all treatments. Lint properties were not negatively affected by the irrigation method or N rates. Water savings under drip fertigation ranged between 25 and 50% of irrigation water relative to furrow irrigation. Crop water‐use efficiencies of the drip‐fertigated treatments were in most cases 100% higher than those of the corresponding furrow‐irrigated treatments. The highest water demand was during the fruit‐setting growth stage. It was also concluded that under drip fertigation, 100–150 N kg/ha was adequate and comparable with the highest N rates tested under furrow irrigation regarding lint yield, N uptake, and recovery. Based on cotton seed yield and weight of stems, the overall amount of N removed from the field for the drip‐fertigated treatments ranged between 101 and 118kg and 116 and 188 N/ha for 2001 and 2002, respectively. The N removal ranged between 94 and 113 and 111 and 144 kg N/ha for the furrow‐irrigated treatments for 2001 and 2002, respectively.     

中小型圆柱形钢油罐直径和高度的计算方法

从实际计算出发，将等壁厚油罐和变壁厚油罐统一考虑，得到了最省材料的中小型油罐的高度确定方法。计算表明，油罐的最优高度不但与钢材种类，焊接水平，顶底厚度之和有关，而且还与所设计油罐的圈板数（或圈板高度），最小壁厚、液面蒸气压等有关。用原有方法确定油罐高度有些偏大。地公称容积同但计算容积不同的油罐，其设计高度应有所区别。     

基于茎秆直径微变化的拔节期玉米水分亏缺诊断指标研究

为了探索利用茎秆直径微变化诊断玉米水分亏缺状况的最优指标,采用桶栽的方法,开展了不同水分处理条件下拔节期夏玉米茎秆直径微变化中的日最大收缩量(MDS)、日增长量(DI)和当日恢复时间(RT)3个指标的变化规律及其与土壤相对含水率之间相关关系方面的试验研究。结果表明,(1)不同处理间的MDS和DI受水分亏缺影响差异较为明显,RT对土壤相对含水率的响应较为一致;(2)玉米日最大收缩量MDS和日增长量DI受到环境因素的影响较大,与土壤相对含水率θ的相关系数较小;(3)恢复时间RT与土壤相对含水率θ的相关系数最高,且受水分亏缺处理的影响较小,可以作为诊断玉米水分亏缺状况的较好指标。综上可知,与MDS和DI相比,RT更适合诊断夏玉米水分亏缺状况。